Effect of any form of steroids in comparison with that of other medications on the duration of olfactory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review of randomized trials and quasi-experimental studies
ReviewHumansWith luteolin (palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin was one of the comparators reviewed)
This study tested palmitoylethanolamide together with luteolin (palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin was one of the comparators reviewed). Its results cannot be assigned to palmitoylethanolamide alone. More combination studies.
- Design
- Review
- Subjects
- 21 experimental studies with a total sample of 130,550
- Dose used in the study
- Not stated in the abstract
- Duration
- Not stated in the abstract
- What was measured
- Duration of COVID-19-related smell loss with corticosteroids compared with other treatments, including palmitoylethanolamide plus luteolin, omega-3, zinc and olfactory training
What the authors reported
Corticosteroid nasal sprays shortened smell loss compared with several alternatives, and were more effective than palmitoylethanolamide plus luteolin, omega-3 supplementation and olfactory training. Oral corticosteroid plus olfactory training improved TDI scores more than training alone. The authors conclude corticosteroids are effective and olfactory training should be combined with them.
Limits of this study
A narrative systematic review without pooled analysis; the PEA and luteolin comparison is stated without numbers. Included studies were of mixed design. The authors declare no competing interests.
Source
PubMed 37531338 · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0288285
Entry checked against the abstract on PubMed on 2026-09-22. The dose shown is the dose the researchers used. It is not a recommendation. How to read this page.